Jainism - Origin, Principles, Sects and Literature

Jain Prateek Chinha

Origins and Teachings:

Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that traces its roots back to the 6th century BCE.
It was founded by Lord Mahavira, who was born in the present-day state of Bihar.
Jainism emphasizes non-violence (ahimsa), truthfulness, non-possessiveness, and compassion towards all living beings.
The central teachings revolve around the concept of karma, soul purification, and liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death.

Principles and Beliefs:

Ahimsa (non-violence) is the most significant principle of Jainism. Jains strive to avoid harm to any living being intentionally.
Jains follow a strict vegetarian diet and often practice fasting as a means of self-discipline and purification.
Jainism upholds the belief in the existence of countless souls (jivas) that are trapped in physical bodies due to karmic bondage.
The ultimate goal for Jains is to achieve liberation (moksha) by shedding all karmic attachments and reaching a state of spiritual purity.

Three Jewels of Jainism:

Right Faith (Samyak Darshana): It entails having a deep and unwavering faith in the teachings of Jainism and the path to liberation.
Right Knowledge (Samyak Jnana): It refers to acquiring knowledge about the true nature of the soul, karma, and the principles of Jainism through study and contemplation.
Right Conduct (Samyak Charitra): It involves leading a moral and ethical life by adhering to the principles of non-violence, truthfulness, and non-possessiveness.

Sects and Literature:

Jainism has two major sects: Digambara (sky-clad) and Shwetambara (white-clad). The Digambara sect believes in complete nudity as a means of renunciation, while the Shwetambara sect allows the use of white garments.
Jainism has a rich collection of sacred texts known as Agamas. These texts contain the teachings of Lord Mahavira and subsequent Jain scholars.
Some of the important Jain scriptures include the Acharanga Sutra, Sutrakritanga, Uttaradhyayana Sutra, and Bhagavati Sutra. (Also Read: Jain Literature)

Contributions and Influence:

Jainism has made significant contributions to Indian art, literature, and philosophy. The ancient Jain texts contain valuable insights into various aspects of life, ethics, and metaphysics.
Jain temples, known as Jain derasars or basadis, are architectural marvels, showcasing intricate carvings and sculptures.
Jain principles of non-violence and compassion have influenced the socio-cultural fabric of India, promoting harmonious coexistence and respect for all living beings.

Prominent Figures:

Lord Mahavira is considered the most important figure in Jainism as the last and 24th Tirthankara (spiritual leader).
Other notable Jain figures include Bhadrabahu, Kundakunda, Hemachandra, and Acharya Haribhadra, who made significant contributions to Jain philosophy, literature, and religious practices.